2.5
What is the average of scores of the subject Social Science?
2.8
What is the median of the scores of the subject Science?
3
What is the mode of the scores of the subject Mathematics?
6
What is the mode of the scores of the subject Mathematics?
6
What is the mode of the scores of the subject Social Science?
2
What function is use to compute for the average in Excel?
=AVERAGE()
What is the mean of the scores of the subject Language?
3.07
What other solution can you do to compute for the average of the scores?
=SUM()/COUNT()
What is the average of scores of the subject Mathematics?
5
The _______, ___________ and ____________ are the three commonly used measures of central tendency
Mean, Median, Mode
It involves the examination across cases of one variable at a time.
Univariate Analysis
A set cannot have more than one mode.
FALSE
It gives an indication of how close an individual observation clusters about the mean value
Variance
It is a measure of where the "middle fifty" is in a data set
Interquartile Range
A low standard deviation indicates that the data points are spread out over a wider range of values.
FALSE
Variance is a square of average distance between each quantity and mean.
TRUE
It is the measurement of average distance between each quantity and mean
Standard Deviation
It is the most frequently occurring variable in a distribution.
Mode
It is defined as "the statistical measure that identifies a single value as representative of an entire distribution."
Central Tendency
Mean may be influenced profoundly by the extreme variables called _____________________.
Outliers
The formula of sample mean is
FALSE
A low standard deviation indicates that the data points tend to be close to the mean of the data set.
TRUE
It is the difference between lowest and highest value.
Range
It is defined as the middle of a distribution in a ranked data
Median
In statistics and probability, quartiles are values that divide your data into quarters provided data is sorted in an ascending order.
TRUE
Negative IQR is fine, if your data is in descending order
TRUE
Percentile is a way to represent position of a values in data set.
TRUE
Measures of central location include the range, quartiles and the interquartile range, variance and standard deviation
FALSE
The most complicated distribution would list every value of a variable and the number of persons who had each value
FALSE
With descriptive statistics you are simply ________________ what is or what the data shows
Describing
Measures of central location include the range, quartiles and the interquartile range, variance and standard deviation
FALSE
Descriptive Statistics simply summaries about the sample and the measures
TRUE
Every time you try to describe a large set of observations with a single indicator you run the risk of distorting the original data or losing important detail.
TRUE
Descriptive statistics help us to simplify large amounts of data in a sensible way.
TRUE
Descriptive Statistics are used to present _______________ descriptions in a manageable form.
Quantitative
A researcher can create a map to represent data relationships visually using this
GIS Program
Descriptive Statistics can be used to highlight potential relationships between variables.
TRUE
Measures of dispersion aim to provide an accurate description of the entire data
FALSE
Distributions cannot be displayed using percentages
FALSE
Descriptive statistics are typically distinguished from ____________________________.
Inferential Statistics
Also known as selective, or subjective, sampling, this technique relies on the judgement of the researcher when choosing who to ask to participate
Purpose Sampling
Every individual in the population have equal chance of being selected as a subject for the research.
Probability Sampling
Individuals are selected at regular intervals from the sampling frame.
Systematic Sampling
It gives an indication of how close an individual observation clusters about the mean value
Variance
Stratified sampling improves the accuracy and representativeness of the results by reducing sampling bias.
TRUE
It is a method that allows researchers to infer information about a population based on results from a subset of the population, without having to investigate every individual
Sampling
Parametric type of test.
ANOVA Test
When the standard deviation is small, the curve is tall and narrow; and when the standard deviation is big, the curve is short and wide
TRUE
The parametric test is the hypothesis test which provides generalizations for making statements about the mean of the parent population
TRUE
Subgroups of the population are used as the sampling unit, rather than individuals
Clustered Sampling
This sampling method is usually employed in studies that are not interested in the parameters of the entire population.
Non Probability Sampling
Members of the population do not have equal chance of being selected.
Non Probability Sampling
If the sample data are consistent with the null hypothesis, then we do not reject it.
TRUE
This test is used to test for differences between groups with ordinal dependent variables
Friedman test
The parametric test is the hypothesis test which provides generalizations for making statements about the ____________________ of the parent population.
Mean
Which of the following would not allow you to calculate a correlation?
a curvilinear relationship between X and Y
The advantage of using probability sampling is the _______________ of the statistical methods after the experiment
Accuracy
What does the figure shows?
 |
| Smaller Standard Deviation |
Non parametric assume that the data is normally distributed
FALSE
If two variables are highly correlated, what do you know?
that changes in one variable are accompanied by predictable changes in the other
In statistics and probability, quartiles are values that divide your data into quarters provided data is sorted in an ascending order.
TRUE
A researcher finds a correlation of .40 between personal income and the number of years of college completed. Based upon this finding he can conclude that…
more years of education causes higher income.
Analysis should reflect the design, and so a matched design should be followed by a matched analysis
TRUE
Each individual is chosen entirely by chance and each member of the population has an equal chance, or probability, of being selected
Simple Random Sampling
We use inferential statistics to make judgments of the probability that an observed difference between groups is a dependable one or one that might have happened by chance in this study
TRUE
The _______, ___________ and ____________ are the three commonly used measures of central tendency
Mean, Median, Mode
In statistics and probability, quartiles are values that divide your data into quarters provided data is sorted in an ascending order.
TRUE
Which of the following may have an adverse effect on a correlation coefficient?
restricting the range of possible scores
Use this test to estimate the median of a population and compare it to a reference value or target value
1-sample sign test
A population can be small or large, as long as it includes all the data you are interested in
TRUE
If paired scores occupy the same positions within their own distributions (high with high and low with low)
Pearson r will be high and positive.
Non probability sampling guarantees that the selection process is completely randomized and without bias
FALSE
It is the attempt to apply the conclusions that have been obtained from one experimental study to more general populations.
Inferential Statistics
Subgroups of the population are used as the sampling unit, rather than individuals
Clustered Sampling
The advantage of using non probability sampling is the accuracy of the statistical methods after the experiment
FALSE
It is perhaps the easiest method of sampling, because participants are selected based on availability and willingness to take part
Convenience Sampling
In this method, the population is first divided into subgroups (or strata) who all share a similar characteristic.
Stratified Sampling
If the sample data are consistent with the null hypothesis, but consistent with the alternative, then we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the alternative hypothesis is true.
FALSE
Statistics are powerful tools, but it's the analysis provided afterwards by inferential statistics that explicitly makes claims about what those results mean, why, and in what context
TRUE
Stratified sampling is used when we might reasonably expect the measurement of interest to vary between the different subgroups, and we want to ensure representation from all the subgroups
TRUE
This method of sampling is often used by market researchers.
Quota Sampling
The normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution.
TRUE
It is the process of taking a subset of subjects that is representative of the entire population.
Population Sampling
It refers to a family of continuous probability distributions described by the normal equation
Normal Distribution
The goal is to apply the ______________ to a more general population, assuming the sample size is large enough and the sample representative enough of the broader public.
Conclusions
It is done usually because it is impossible to test every single individual in the population
Sampling
Depending on the statistical test you have chosen, you will calculate a probability of observing your sample results (or more extreme) given that the null hypothesis is true.
TRUE
If the sample data are consistent with the null hypothesis, then we do not reject it.
TRUE
Sampling is also done to waste time, money and effort while conducting the research.
FALSE
The _________________ must have sufficient size to warrant statistical analysis.
Sample
Inferential statistics always talks in terms of statistics, but this can be made highly reliable by designing the right experimental conditions
FALSE
The total area under the normal curve is equal to 2.
FALSE
The null hypothesis for all chi-square tests asks whether the observed number of cases in a sample what we expect from knowledge of the population.
TRUE
Statisticians now believe that if the expected value (E) falls below 5-10 our chi-square test is not valid.
FALSE
Which of the following is the correct formula for the chi-square goodness-of-fit test?
x2= E(o-e)2/e
The chi-square test is used when we have ordinal data.
FALSE
What is commonly used for testing relationships between categorical variables?
Chi-Square
When the expected values (E) are obtained by multiplying row totals by column totals
and dividing by N, the chi-square test is
a chi-square test of independence.
The degrees of freedom for a 2 x 2 cross-tabulation table for the chi-square test of independence equal
1
You want to know whether people in different regions of the country are equally likely to vote Democratic, Republican, Independent, or Libertarian in the next election. You would use a
chi-square test of independence.
You obtain a sample chi-square value of X2 = -5.49. On the basis of this value, you know that
you have made a calculation error; chi-square values cannot be negative.
What is the reason why it is not necessary to create a scatter chart?
It is just for visualizing the data
What is your interpretation of the chart?
As the price go up, the volume goes down
What are the variables in this analysis?
Unit Price and Units Sold
It is rare to find perfect correlation (+1 or -1).
TRUE
What is the interpretation of our computation?
We have a strong negative correlation in the data
Calculate the correlation coefficient using the CORREL function.
Question:
What is the format of the CORREL function?
=CORREL(Array1, Array2)
What is the result of the calculation?
-0.96
What is the value of the perfect negative correlation
-1
What is the value of the perfect positive correlation
+1
Is it necessary to create a scatter chart?
No
If correlation is found between two variables it means that when there is a systematic change in one variable, there is also a systematic change in the other
TRUE
A correlation coefficient that is applied to ranked variables was introduced by Spearman, whilst Pearson and Fisher introduced independently correlation coefficients that measure the strength of the relationship between non-ranked variables.
TRUE
If most points depict a dispersed descending line this would suggest there would be a weak positive relationship
TRUE
A bell shaped curve to a scatter graph would suggest what?
There would be a non-linear relationship and a Pearson's product-moment should not be used
If the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient shows zero value, this definitely means that there is no relationship between the two variables
FALSE
It is calculated by changing lagged data with the formula for the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient.
Autocorrelation Coefficient
When reporting a Pearson's product-moment in APA format, you would use x.
FALSE
Correlation analysis can study a wide range of variables and their interrelations.
TRUE
The most popular forms of Chi-Square used in business studies include Pearson product-moment correlation, Spearman Rank correlation and Autocorrelation.
FALSE
In this correlation the correlation coefficient is not robust due to the fact that strong linear relationships between the variables are not recognized
Pearson's product-moment correlation
This particular type of analysis is useful when a researcher wants to establish if there are possible connections between variables.
Correlation Analysis
If all points cluster in an ascending line this would suggest there would be a strong positive relationship
TRUE
Residual plot in regression analysis is used to mean plot of regressors
FALSE
Methods of correlation and regression cannot be used in order to analyze the extent and the nature of relationships between different variables
FALSE
Correlation analysis as a research method offers a range of advantages
TRUE
If there is correlation found, depending upon the numerical values measured, this can be either positive or negative.
TRUE
You cannot use a Pearson's correlation to understand whether there is an association between exam performance and time spent revising
FALSE
The straight line equation y=b0 + b1x is an example of a linear relationship. This means that the changes in one variable are accompanied by the proportional linear changes in another variable. If you increase one variable by 1 and the other by 0.5, this is a linear change.
TRUE
The coefficient of determination and the R-squared (R2) are not the same
FALSE
On the negative side, findings of correlation does not indicate causations i.e. cause and effect relationships.
TRUE
Pearson's Correlation Coefficient was designed just for linear relationships. Technically, if we get a low value, or a zero value, it does not mean that there is no relationship. It just means that there is no linear relationship.
TRUE
It is a method of statistical evaluation used to study the strength of a relationship between two, numerically measured, continuous variables (e.g. height and weight).
Correlation Analysis
Homoscedasticity can be checked using which type of graph?
Scatter graph
It implies the correlation among the values of the same variables but at various times
Autocorrelation
By what alternative name is Pearson's Correlation Analysis also known?
Pearson's Product-Moment
What does a Pearson's product-moment allow you to identify?
Whether there is a relationship between variables
What must data be in order for a Pearson's product-moment to be conducted?
All of these
It is used to understand the nature of relationships between two individual variables.
Correlation Analysis
The correlation coefficient is sensitive to outlying points therefore the correlation coefficient is resistant.
FALSE
______________ correlation exists if one variable increases simultaneously with the other, i.e. the high numerical values of one variable relate to the high numerical values of the other.
Positive
It is a measure of the strength and direction of association that exists between two variables measured on at least an interval scale.
Pearson's product-moment correlation
How does the shape of the t-distribution change as the sample size increases?
It becomes more normal looking.
One of the reasons that a correlated-groups design is more powerful than an independent-samples design is that in the correlated-groups design
the error term is based on the difference scores
If I want to compare the performance of a particular group to an established, accepted average but information about the population standard deviation is not available. I should
conduct a one-sample t-test.
Which of the following would most likely cause the confidence interval to become smaller?
decreasing the standard error
As the number of observations increases the t-distribution gets to look more like the standard normal distribution.
TRUE
Since a term including the standard error is added to and subtracted from the mean, if the standard error is smaller a smaller product will be added to and subtracted from the mean.
TRUE
If we hold all other factors constant, then as the error term of a t-statistic becomes greater,
the probability of making a Type II error increases.
It is used to compare the mean of a population with a theoretical value.
One-Sample
The main difference between the z and t-tests is that
for a z-test the population mean and standard deviation are needed
What is a statistical test which is widely used to compare the mean of two groups of samples. It is therefore to evaluate whether the means of the two sets of data are statistically significantly different from each other?
T-Test
Effect size is just another phrase for error term
FALSE
When the difference between two population averages is being investigated, a t test is used
TRUE
The formula for the Chi-Square is a ratio.
FALSE
The t-test assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other.
TRUE
Which of the following formats is correct for reporting an independent samples t-test in APA format?
t(34) = -.478, p < 0.001.
What is the alternative name for a repeated-measures t-test?
A paired-samples t-test
An independent t-test can be used to assess which of the following?
It assesses differences between two groups of participants
All else being equal, as the subjects in a study become more homogenous, the value of the test statistic increases.
TRUE
Which of the following statistics are important when interpreting an independent samples t-test?
All of these
Where would you look on an independent t-test output to identify whether there was a significant difference between the groups?
T-test for equality of mean section
In which of the following cases would an independent-samples t-test not be appropriate?
Comparing students attitude change between the start and end of their degree
What assumption(s) must be met to conduct an independent-samples t-test?
All of these
Conducting multiple t-tests increases the likelihood of which of the following?
Type I error
It is not possible to have a significant test statistic in a study where the effect is slight.
FALSE
The t-test family is not based on the t-distribution, because the difference of mean score for two multivariate normal variables approximates the t-distribution.
FALSE
A repeated measures t-test can be used to assess which of the following?
It assesses differences between scores obtained on two separate occasions from the same participants
If the independent had more than two levels, then we would use a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
TRUE
With all inferential statistics, we assume the dependent variable fits a normal distribution
TRUE
To determine whether the test statistic of ANOVA is statistically significant, it can be compared to a critical value. What two pieces of information are needed to determine the critical value?
sample size, number of groups
If the MSE of an ANOVA for six treatment groups is known, you can compute
the pooled standard deviation
When the k population means are truly different from each other, it is likely that the average error deviation:
is relatively small compared to the average treatment deviations
Which of the following is an assumption of one-way ANOVA comparing samples from three or more experimental treatments?
All of the mentioned
Analysis of variance is a statistical method of comparing the ________ of several populations.
means
The ________ sum of squares measures the variability of the sample treatment means around the overall mean
treatment
If the true means of the k populations are equal, then MSTR/MSE should be:
close to 1.00
The error deviations within the SSE statistic measure distances:
within groups
As variability due to chance decreases, the value of F will
Increase
The ______ sum of squares measures the variability of the observed values around their respective treatment means.
error
What should Levene's test be in order to use the 'equal variance assumed' row of a t-test?
It should be significant (P < 0.01)
A t-test compares means, while the ANOVA compares variances between populations. You could technically perform a series of t-tests on your data
TRUE
A two way ANOVA is used to compare two means from two independent (unrelated) groups using the F-distribution.
FALSE
Conducting a single F test in one-way ANOVA protects us from Type II error.
FALSE
To test equality of means of more than 2 populations which of the following techniques is used?
ANOVA
Statisticians assume a cause effect relationship and say that one or more independent, controlled variables (the factors) cause the significant difference of one or more characteristics
TRUE
The F ratio is typically used to test differences between
three or more means.
A Student's t-test will tell you if there is a significant variation between groups.
TRUE
There are commonly two types of ANOVA tests for univariate analysis - One-Way ANOVA and Two-Way ANOVA.
TRUE
The ANOVA structural model (X = + + ) maps sample scores in terms of populations, groups, and individual scores.
TRUE
The degrees of freedom for k columns of size n will be..
k-1
Any difference among the population means in the analysis of variance will inflate the expected values of
MS Columns
It is referred to as such because it is a test to prove an assumed cause and effect relationships
ANOVA
One-way ANOVA between groups is used when you want to test two groups to see if there's a difference between them.
FALSE
The alternative hypothesis for the test is that the two means are equal.
FALSE
A one way ANOVA will tell you that at least two groups were different from each other.
TRUE
An ANOVA test is a way to find out if survey or experiment results are significant
TRUE
Test statistic for equality of r population means is
MSC/MSE
It is generally assumed that the ANOVA is an 'analysis of dependencies.'
TRUE
T-test can help you to figure out if you need to reject the null hypothesis or accept the alternate hypothesis.
FALSE
The F ratio is defined as the average within-groups variance divided by the average between-groups variance.
FALSE
Analysis of Variance
ANOVA
If you have categorical data, you'll want to run a non-parametric ANOVA (usually found under a different heading in the software, like "nonparametric tests").
FALSE
ANOVA tests in statistics packages are run on parametric data.
TRUE
If data in two way classification id displayed in r rows and k columns, then the degrees of freedom for interaction will be…
(r-1)(k-1)
Which of the following assumptions of ANOVA can be discarded in case the sample size is large?
Samples are drawn from the normal population
The two-way ANOVA compares the means between the groups you are interested in and determines whether any of those means are statistically significantly different from each other.
FALSE
It is a popular test; it is the test to use when conducting experiments
ANOVA
The main purpose of an ANOVA is to test if two or more groups differ from each other significantly in one or more characteristics.
TRUE
The error sum of squares can be obtained from the equation in two way ANOVA
SSE = SST – SSR - SSC
The number of rows in which total variance in a one way ANOVA partitioned is
2
The sum of squares due to the column factor for one way analysis of variance is given by
SST-SSE
It presents the distributions of two categorical variables simultaneously, with the intersections of the categories of the variables appearing in the cells of the table.
Bivariate Table
It is used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the means of two groups
T-Test
It compares the tallies or counts of categorical responses between two (or more) independent groups.
Chi-Square
As the experimenter changes the independent variable, the change in the _________________________ is observed and recorded
Dependent Variable
What type of relationships does a Pearson's product-moment assess?
It can only assess a linear relationship
The gamma distribution describes the square root of a variable distributed according to a chi-square distribution
FALSE
All else being equal, as the subjects in a study become more homogenous, the value of the test statistic increases.
TRUE
Statistical Significance, or the probability of finding statistical significance is also known as
P-Value
After we use the original data to calculate the difference scores for a paired t-test, we no longer need the original data for the paired t-test calculations.
TRUE
This method of sampling is a non-probability sampling technique wherein the assembled sample has the same proportions of individuals as the entire population with respect to known characteristics, traits or focused phenomenon.
Quota Sampling
A nice thing about the correlated groups design is that it can still be done even if there are an uneven number of observations in the groups.
FALSE
It compares the means of two (and only two) groups when the variances are not equal.
Chi-Square
Formulate the null and alternative hypothesis. A researcher thinks that if expectant mothers use vitamins, the birth weight of the babies will increase. The average birth weight of the population is 8 pounds.
𝐻𝑂: µ = 8 pounds, 𝐻𝐴 µ> 8 pounds
Measurement has how many levels?
Four
When performing a chi-square goodness-of-fit test, a large value of the chi-square statistic provides evidence that the null hypothesis should be rejected.
TRUE
Which is not an importance of levels of measurements?
Helps in solving complex mathematical problems
When performing a chi-square goodness-of-fit test, a large value of the chi-square statistic provides evidence that the null hypothesis should be rejected.
TRUE
What is probability?
The likelihood that something occurs due to chance
What assumption(s) must be met to conduct an independent-samples t-test?
All of these
We are rarely interested in a significance test alone; we would like to say something about the population from which the samples came, and this is best done with estimates of parameters and confidence intervals.
TRUE
It assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other
T-Test
The degrees of freedom for a chi-square goodness-of-fit test are calculated as N-1.
FALSE
Assuming that the null hypothesis being tested by ANOVA is false, the probability of obtaining a Fratio that exceeds the value reported in the F table as the 95th percentile is:
< .05
The Chi Square statistic compares the tallies or counts of categorical responses between two (or more) independent groups.
TRUE
It is used to investigate whether distributions of categorical variables differ from one another.
Chi-Square
With all inferential statistics, we assume the dependent variable fits a normal distribution
TRUE
How do statistics inform the reader of the central message?
Summarizing and creating meaning from aggregated data
Non-probability sampling guarantees that the selection process is completely randomized and without bias
FALSE
A chi square distribution with n degrees of freedom is equal to a gamma distribution with a =n / 2 and b = 0.5 (or β = 2).
TRUE
A small confidence interval is bad because few values are contained within it.
FALSE
The number of rows in which total variance in a two way ANOVA partitioned is..
4
The greater the value of the F ratio,
the less the sample distributions overlap.
It is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample (a population or a probability distribution).
Median
When conducting an ANOVA, FDATA will always fall within what range?
between 0 and infinity
The only difference between the z and single sample t-test are the size of the samples.
FALSE
The inferential statistic rests on the underlying assumption that there is the normal distribution of variable and the mean in known or assumed to be known.
FALSE
It is used when evaluating Tests of Independence under Chi-Square statistic .
Crosstabulation
One use of chi-square distribution is Confidence interval estimation for a population standard deviation of a normal distribution from a sample standard deviation.
TRUE
Crosstabulation presents the distributions of two categorical variables simultaneously, with the intersections of the categories of the variables appearing in the cells of the table.
TRUE
It is an accurate representation of the distribution of numerical data.
Histograms
These are important in statistics and are often used in the natural and social sciences to represent real-valued random variables whose distributions are not known.
Normal Distribution
If your measurement scale is nominal or ordinal then you use parametric statistics
FALSE
The Chi-Square statistic is most commonly used to evaluate Tests of Independence when using a crosstabulation (also known as a bivariate table).
TRUE
What name is given to data which is made up of frequencies?
Categorical data
What name is given to data which can be ranked?
Ordinal data
It is a single value that attempts to describe a set of data by identifying the central position within that set of data.
Central Tendency
It is the most helpful for exploratory stages of studies such as a pilot survey.
Non Probability Sampling
If correlation is found between two variables it means that when there is a systematic change in one variable, there is also a systematic change in the other
TRUE
It can perform well with skewed and non-normal distributions.
Parametric Test
Parametric tests usually have more statistical power than their non-parametric equivalents.
TRUE
It is a framework for gathering, managing & analyzing data. Rooted in the science of geography, It analyzes spatial location and organizes layers of information into visualizations using maps and 3D scenes.
GIS
It is a type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data.
Scatter Plots
It is the selection of a subset (a statistical sample) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.
Sampling
It is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student's t-distribution under the null hypothesis.
T-Test
You carried out an ANOVA on a preliminary sample of data. You then collected additional data from the same groups; the difference being that the sample sizes for each group were increased by a factor of 10, and the within-group variability has decreased substantially. Which of the following statements is NOT correct.
The degrees of freedom associated with the treatment term has increased
The null hypothesis for a chi-square goodness-of-fit test states that the population data does not follow the hypothesized distribution.
FALSE
H0 means
Null Hypothesis
It basically refers to categorically discrete data such as name of your school, type of car you drive or name of a book.
Nominal
In a chi-square test, the "expected" counts are the values we expect if there is an association between the variables.
FALSE
Analysis should reflect the design, and so a matched design should be followed by a matched analysis.
TRUE
If FDATA follows an F distribution with df1=4 and df2=5, what is the boundary value of F where P(FDATA < F) = 0.95?
5.1922
Calculating the Chi-Square statistic and comparing it against a critical value from the Chi-Square distribution allows the researcher to assess whether the observed cell counts are significantly different from the expected cell counts.
TRUE
Point _______________________ is an essential characteristic to measure a ratio between any two variables.
Zero
The straight line equation y=b0 + b1x is an example of a linear relationship. This means that the changes in one variable are accompanied by the proportional linear changes in another variable. If you increase one variable by 1 and the other by 0.5, this is a linear change.
TRUE
The error deviations within the SSE statistic measure distances:
within groups
Incorrectly rejecting a true null hypothesis is an example of what?
Type I error
You find a statistically significant ANOVA. In order to determine which groups are different, you must conduct
either planned or unplanned comparisons
It is rare to find perfect correlation (+1 or -1).
TRUE
If you are using interval or ratio scales you use non-parametric statistics.
FALSE
The non-parametric test is the hypothesis test which provides generalizations for making statements about the mean of the parent population.
FALSE
It is the probability of finding the observed, or more extreme, results when the null hypothesis (H0) of a study question is true - the definition of 'extreme' depends on how the hypothesis is being tested.
P-Value
You obtained a significant test statistic when comparing three treatments in a one-way ANOVA. In words, how would you interpret the alternative hypothesis HA?
At least two treatments are different from each other in terms of their effect on the mean response.
It is commonly used for testing relationships between categorical variables.
Chi-Square
There are basically two types of random variables and they yield two types of data: numerical and categorical
TRUE
In ANOVA, 2 and 2
estimate the size of the difference between groups
What is H0?
Null Hypothesis
It is a measurement where the difference between two values is meaningful.
Interval
The Chi Square statistic is commonly used for testing relationships between categorical variables.
TRUE
What is the purpose of a goodness-of-fit test?
To assesses whether the central tendency, variability and distribution of sample is different from that of the population
Significance testing is based on which of the following principles?
Falsification
When conducting a one-way ANOVA, the _______ the between-treatment variability is when compared to the within-treatment variability, the _______ the value of FDATA will be tend to be.
smaller, smaller
The Chi-Square Goodness of Fit is often used in genetics to compare the results of a cross with the theoretical distribution based on genetic theory
TRUE
Non-parametric tests are valid for both non-Normally distributed data and Normally distributed data, so why not use them all the time?
TRUE
If any of the expected cell frequencies are less than 5, categories can be combined so that all expected frequencies are at least 5.
TRUE
______________ correlation exists when one variable decreases as the other variable decreases, or one variable increases while the other increases.
Positive
It is that no relationship exists on the categorical variables in the population.
Null Hypothesis
A statistical test provides a mechanism for making quantitative decisions about a process or processes.
TRUE
It is a measure of the strength of a linear association between two variables and is denoted by r.
Pearson's product-moment coefficient
In one-way ANOVA, which of the following is used within the F-ratio as a measurement of the variance of individual observations?
SSE
It involves a combination of two or more sampling techniques enumerated above
Probability Sampling
Which among the data is a sample?
IT Department of University of Makati
When the expected values (E) are obtained by multiplying row totals by column totals and dividing by N , the chi-square test is
a chi-square test of independence.
It is a non-probability sampling technique where subjects are selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher.
Convenience Sampling
A small chi-square test statistic does not support the null hypothesis.
FALSE
The Jerome Light Bulb Company recently conducted a statistical test to determine whether the number of hours that light bulbs last is normally distributed with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 20. A sample of 300 light bulbs was divided into 8 groups to form a grouped data frequency distribution. The degrees of freedom for the test will be 299.
FALSE
Parametric statistical procedures are less powerful because they use less information in their calculation.
FALSE
You carried out an ANOVA on a preliminary sample of data. You then collected additional data from the same groups; the difference being that the sample sizes for each group were increased by a factor of 10, and the within-group variability has decreased substantially. Which of the following statements is NOT correct.
The degrees of freedom associated with the treatment term has increased
It is the simplest form of analyzing data. "Uni" means "one", so in other words your data has only one variable.
Univariate Analysis
It is typically measures of non-numeric concepts like satisfaction, happiness, discomfort, etc.
Ordinal
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